Friday, 18 April 2014

Indian Day (Brazil)

Indian Day (also known as Native Day; in Portuguese known as Dia do Índio), was created by the President Getúlio Vargas by a decree law in 1943, and recalls the day (April 19) in 1940, in which several indigenous leaderships of the Americas decided to attend the First Inter-American Indian Congress, held in Mexico.[1]


Map of indigenous reserves in Brazil.
Nowadays most part of the cities does not celebrate the date, however it is very common for schoolchildren across Brazil to dress up like Natives and visit Museums to learn more about the first Brazilians.[2] It is common to see celebrations in states with a relatively large indigenous population, such as Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Goiás, Rondônia and Amazonas.


The National Indian Festival is held yearly in Bertioga, São Paulo to celebrate the Indian Day. It is considered the largest indigenous cultural event in the world, which takes place in April 19.

The festival is seen as an opportunity to learn about Brazilian indigenous peoples, since traveling to most tribal areas and reservations in Brazil is restricted and must be authorized by FUNAI, the National Indian Foundation. It is also seen as an opportunity for Native Brazilians to perform celebrations, such as indigenous rituals, body art, music, dance, food, crafts and sports.[3]

Saturday, 5 April 2014

World Twenty20 : Final Preview : India Vs Sri Lanka

World Twenty20 : Final Preview : India Vs Sri Lanka

World T20: Final Preview: India Vs SL


Can Sri Lanka lay to rest ghosts of finals past?


India are in top form going into the World T20 final, but the on-field challenges they pose are not the only ones Sri Lanka will have to contend with; they must also shed the mental baggage of many global finals lost



As Sri Lanka fans watched Virat Kohli gun down an imposing South Africa total on Friday evening, a familiar shadow of dread crept upon many. A final against an unrelenting India, whose belief and demeanour suggest they are champions already. This has all happened before.
After four major finals in seven years, a clot of public superstitions has developed around big games. Among the more amusing is the notion that the country's president's attendance brings bad luck. This thought had been cemented in the 2012 World T20 final, when the president's arrival at the Premadasa coincided roughly with the moment the match turned, swiftly and dramatically, for the opposition.
There are other appeals to the supernatural to make sense of Sri Lanka's spectacularly heartbreaking run. A middle-order batsman, no longer in the side, was believed to be the Jonah on Sri Lanka's ship for some time. Batting first is an ill-omen, but depending on whom you speak to, chasing can be as well. Some say the curse will not be cast off until Arjuna Ranatunga is welcomed back into the administrative fold.
Fortunately for fans, Sri Lanka's players have not drunk from this irrational whirl of swill. But as they approach another grand occasion, they would be almost inhuman if the garbage compactor of previous failures had not begun to close in, in their minds.
It is an odd thing to contend with, because the team's meltdowns have come so specifically at this stage of the tournament. Sri Lanka's campaigns have often been forged on mental strength; on valiant innings, desperation in the field and soaring, irresistible spells. Twice already in this tournament, against South Africa and New Zealand, Sri Lanka have reaped victory on fallow ground. In the semi-final, even against the opponent that had set a fire on their hopes in a home final 18 months ago, Sri Lanka were nerveless and professional.
"I guess it could be the fact that you're so afraid of losing the final that it can actually contribute to you doing badly," Kumar Sangakkara had said, as he reflected on Sri Lanka's finals downfalls. "When you're playing in a final it's not really hope, it's almost a delivered certainty at times, where you think, 'This is our game and we are going to win it.' When you've done all of that and you lose, it's a much worse feeling than going out earlier in the tournament. There's no comparison between the stages of the tournament. There's a huge difference between the semi-final and the final. It's a very tough place to be, not just for players but even for spectators. The fact that you've come this far... You've won every game so far, so why couldn't you win the most important game?"
In a Sri Lanka cricket utopia, where the board does not contemplate sending a second XI to the tournament 24 hours before they depart due to monetary reasons and the best captain retains the reins until he retires, the team might have had some preparation for this eventuality: a formal exercise, led by a psychology professional, which allowed players to confront and shed their fears, and perhaps break free of the inhibition that has visibly damaged their title-hopes before.
But instead, the team is left largely to its own devices - to hope the Asia Cup triumph was enough to snap the noose, to put hearts and minds at peace and in focus. In the past, the team has sought to view each final as "just another match", but after Thursday night's victory, the senior players will have given serious thought to making drastic adjustments to that approach. They may now feel frank discussion and collective acceptance of the gravity of the next match, for themselves, their families, their fans and their country, is the surest way to ward off inhibition.
"It's also not something that we like to talk about because I think sometimes we have that fear that if you talk about it, you might jinx it, or if you talk about it being a final you might change your attitude or the way you think," Sangakkara had said.
"At the back of your head you know it's a final. You know what winning it means. You know what it means for yourself and the team and the people supporting you. One of the most important things that we've got to do is work on better, clearer communication, especially before big games - about exactly how we feel, because how we feel has an impact on what we do on the field and how we approach a game.
"The one thing we haven't done is express our fears, or whatever our feelings are, fully, before a final - especially the day before and the two or three days leading up to the final."
Whether those feelings have been laid out in the open before this game is unknown. Sri Lanka players rarely give much away in public, and in any case, it is not ideal to bring the public in on a heartfelt, load-shedding exercise. Perhaps Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene's departure from the T20 team may spur the flow of raw emotion that might make this discussion effective. Whatever the case, Sri Lanka have far more to overcome than Kohli's broad blade and Amit Mishra's drift and spin on Sunday evening.

6th April 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi Salt Tax Protest

1930 India Mahatma Gandhi Salt Tax Protest 6th April 1930 : Mahatma Gandhi and his followers, in protest of the salt tax levied by the British Empire, ended their Salt March and Mahatma Gandhi manufactured salt from sea water breaking the British law establishing a monopoly on salt manufacture. 

Friday, 4 April 2014

DIVYA BHARTI Film actress

Divya Om Prakash Bharti (also Bharati or Bharathi) (25 February 1974 – 5 April 1993) was an Indian film actress who starred in a number of commercially successful Hindi and Telugu films in the early 1990s.
Bharti began a career as an actress in Telugu films with the film Bobbili Raja in 1990. She progressed to Hindi films in 1992 with Vishwatma. Bharti went on to have commercial success with films like Shola Aur Shabnam and Deewana that same year, for which she garnered a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.[1] She acted in over 14 Hindi films between 1992 and early 1993 which is till date an unbroken record for a newcomer in Bollywood.[2]
Bharti died on 5th April 1993 at the age of 19.[3] She fell off her 5-storey apartment in Versova, Mumbai.[4] Eye witnesses reported to have seen her slip down the parapet of her balcony after losing balance. It remains unclear if her sudden death was of accidental nature or suicide. However, the possibility of murder can be dismissed.[5]

Early life[edit]

Divya Bharti was born on 25th February 1974, in MumbaiIndia, as the child of Om Prakash Bharti, an insurance officer, and his second wife, Meeta Bharti.[6] She had a younger brother named Kunal and two half siblings who were the result of her father's first marriage.[7] She spokeHindiEnglish and Marathi fluently. In her early years, Bharti was known for her bubbly personality and love for life, as well as for her doll-like looks. She is the second cousin of actress Kainaat Arora.[8]
Bharti studied at Maneckji Cooper High School in JuhuMumbai, in the same era as actor Farhan Akhtar attended. She was an average student and completed grade 9 before pursuing an acting career.[9]

Career[edit]

1988 – 1990: Early Work and Career Beginnings[edit]

In 1988, Bharti was discovered by film-maker Nandu Tolani. Upon seeing her, Tolani insisted on signing her for one of his films. At that time, Bharti was in the ninth standard. She was originally scheduled to make her screen debut in Gunahon Ka Devta in 1988, but her role was cancelled.[10] Kirti Kumar noticed Bharti at a video library and thus was eager to sign her for his project Radha Ka Sangam opposite Govinda, as he was searching for a new face. Weeks later, Kumar went personally to meet Dilip Shankar and managed to release Bharti from their contract. After taking dancing and acting lessons for months to prepare for the role, Bharti was eventually dropped and replaced by Juhi Chawla.[10] Though the reasons remain unclear, it was speculated about Kumar's possessiveness over Bharti as well as Bharti's childish nature to be the cause of the replacement.[11] She continued to sign a variety of Bollywood-films before dropping out and getting replaced by other actresses, such as Tabu.
Bharti's career was stalled until D. Ramanaidu, one of the biggest producers of Telugu films, offered her Bobbili Raja opposite his son Daggubati Venkatesh. Without hoping for success after experiencing a lot of failures in Bollywood, she commenced shooting for her screen debut in South India. The film was released in summer of 1990 and became a colossal hit.[12] Bobbili Raja remains to this day one of the most popular Telugu movies.
Bharti acted in only one Tamil film, Nila Penne opposite Anand. The film was critically and financially unsuccessful.[12]

1990 – 1992: Rise to Stardom in Telugu Cinema[edit]

With more hits in the Telugu cinema, Bharti established herself as one of the most popular actresses down south.[13] In box-office ratings, she figured next toVijayshanti. Due to her popularity, a temple was build in her honor. [14] In 1991, Bharti had back-to-back hits, including Rowdy Alludu and Assembly Rowdy opposite actors Chiranjeevi and Mohan Babu.[15]
Later that year, Bharti began filming A. Kodandarami Reddy's action romance Dharma Kshetram under Sri Rajeev Productions. Bharti got to work for the first time with prominent Telugu film actor Nandamuri Balakrishna.[16] In Telugu language films, Bharti was always credited as Divya Bharathi.

1992 – 1993: Rise to Stardom in Bollywood[edit]

While Bharti celebrated her success in South IndiaBollywood's top directors were eager to sign the Telugu superstar for their upcoming films. Bharti's first Bollywoodfilm was Vishwatma opposite Sunny Deol, directed by Rajiv Rai and released on 2nd January 1992. The film was an average grosser at the box office, and gained Bharti wider recognition from the public as well as film critics.[17] Notably, the music of the film was very successful, especially the song "Saat Samundar" which became a favorite and put Bharti in the limelight of Bollywood.[17]
A week later, Bharti's next film, Lawrence D'Souza's romantic drama Dil Ka Kya Kasoor, alongside Prithvi, failed at the box office, though was recognized for its outstanding music.[15] After Bharti's flops, she was quoted as saying, "I wanted to prove myself. But I've fallen flat on my face. Now, I have to begin my climb all over again. Yet, I'm positive that one day, success will be mine." (Stardust, March 1992).[18]
In March 1992, David Dhawan's Shola Aur Shabnam was released. It was popular with critics and was a box office hit in India,[19] reviving Bharti's career once again. She received a Lux Face of the Year title. It also gave a big boost to Govinda and launched David Dhawan as an established director.[20] Shortly after, Bharti achieved further success in Raj Kanwar's Filmfare-award winning love story Deewana[21] starred veteran actor Rishi Kapoor and newcomer Shahrukh Khan, which is regarded as one of the biggest blockbuster hits of 1992. Her performance in Deewana was highly appreciated.[22] Critics reported that Bharti belonged to a new breed of Hindi film actors who broke away from character stereotypes. Bharti and Shahrukh Khan won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut and Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut respectively.[15] By July 1992, Bharti's work in Deewana was said to have earned her more recognition.
She had several other releases that year, among them Jaan Se Pyaara which featured Bharti alongside Govinda once again, Geet opposite Avinash Wadhawan,Dushman Zamana alongside Armaan Kohli and Balwaan which marked the debut of newcomer Sunil Shetty.[23] The latter being a low budget film, achieved moderate success due to Bharti's popularity and opened doors to Shetty who pursued a career in action oriented films henceforth.
In October, she starred in Hema Malini's Dil Aashna Hai, again opposite Shahrukh Khan. The film garnered negative reviews and poor box office returns.[24]
As far as the Telugu film industry is concerned, Bharti decided to film one movie per year in order to not disappoint her south Indian audience.[25] Thus, Chittamma Mogudu was released at the end of 1992, starring once again the popular couple of Bharti and Mohan Babu.
The ensemble film Kshatriya in which she co-starred alongside Sunny DeolSanjay Dutt and Raveena Tandon, released 10 days before her sudden death on 5th April 1993. It was the last movie release during Bharti's lifetime.[26]

Personal life[edit]

Bharti loved to swim and engage in other activities at the Juhu Vile Parle Gymkhana Club in Mumbai along with her brother Kunal.[27] Her parents noticed her interest in acting at a young age since Bharti used to skip studying in order to imitate the dance moves of the most recent Bollywood films at that time, such as the 1983 hit film Himmatwala, starring Sridevi and one of Divya's most favourite actors, Jeetendra.[27] She occasionally visited the Siddhivinayak Temple and loved to eat theirModaks.[28]
After being falsely linked to a variety of Bollywood and Telugu actors and other personalities within the film industry, Bharti decided to get married to film producerSajid Nadiadwala on 10th May 1992, after she had just turned 18.[29] They had met at Film City, when Sajid dropped by to meet Govinda on the sets of Shola Aur Shabnam.[30] The marriage was kept a secret for a couple of weeks in order to avoid lessening potential film offers for Bharti as well as soothing intra-familial conflicts regarding the different religions and familiar backgrounds Bharti and Nadiadwala belonged to.
Bharti was a close friend to actor Govinda who according to her parents still mourns her death.[31]

Death and aftermath[edit]

Around midnight of 5th April 1993, Bharti fell to her death from a five-storey Tulsi apartment building in Versova, Mumbai. There was much speculation by the media regarding Bharti's sudden demise, including the possibility of suicideaccidental death, conspiracy or even murder.[32] Mumbai Police failed to find any evidence suggesting murder and hence closed the investigation labelled as accidental death in 1998. Some conspiracy theories involved her husband Sajid Nadiadwala, while other theories suggested Mafia complicity.[33] Bharti's body was examined and a fair amount of alcohol was found in her blood.[34] Her body was released to her family, who arranged a cremation ceremony 2 days after her demise.[35]
Two of her completed films Rang and Shatranj were released several months after her death and dedicated to her memory. At the time of her death, she had completed 80% filming of Laadla, and Sridevi was recast in her role. Footage of Divya's performance in Laadla was seen in a television program in 1994. She was replaced in several other films she had signed such as MohraVijaypath and Andolan.[36] Her incomplete Telugu film Tholi Muddhu was partly completed by south actress Rambha who slightly resembled Bharti and hence completed a few scenes of the movie for her.
Divya Bharati is immortalised in Iran as beauty Queen as her portraits can be found along with Sridevi and Amitabh Bachchan in art shops across Iran.[37]

Filmography[edit]

YearTitleRoleLanguageNotes
1990Bobbili RajaRaniTeluguDebut film
1990Nila PenneSuryaTamilOnly Tamil language film
1991Naa Ille Naa SwargamTelugu
1991Rowdy AlluduRekhaTelugu
1991Assembly RowdyPoojaTelugu
1992Dharma KshetramPayalTelugu
1992VishwatmaKusumHindiDebut Hindi film
1992Shola Aur ShabnamDivya ThaparHindi
1992Dil Ka Kya KasoorSeema / Shalini SaxenaHindi
1992Jaan Se PyaaraSharmilaHindi
1992DeewanaKaajalHindiLux Face of the Year/Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut
1992BalwaanDeepaHindi
1992Dushman ZamanaSeemaHindi
1992Dil Aashna HaiLaila / SitaraHindi
1992GeetNehaHindi
1992Chittamma MoguduChittemmaTelugu
1992Dil Hi To HaiBharatiHindi
1993Tholi MuddhuDivyaTeluguPartly completed by south actress Rambha
1993KshatriyaTanvi SinghHindiLast release during lifetime
1993RangKajalHindiReleased after demise
1993ShatranjRenuHindiLast release after demise